Heredity Genetics
What is central Dogma?
Ans :- Replication of DNA, transcription of single stranded DNA into RNA, translation of complementary mRNA into amino acids and then protein formation via translocation is said to be central Dogma"
What is transcription, translation and translocation ?
Ans :- Transcription :
mRNA is produced as per sequence of nucleotides on DNA. Only one strand of the DNA among the two strands is used in this process. The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA produced is all the time complementary to the DNA strand used for synthesis. Besides, there is uracil in RNA instead of thymine of DNA This process of RNA synthesis is called as transcription.
Translation :
Each mRNA is made up of thousands of triplet codons, As per the message on mRNA acids are supplied by tRNA. tRNA has 'anticodon' having complementary sequence to the codon on mRNA only for this purpose. This is called translation.
Translocation :
The amino brought in by tRNA are bonded together by peptide bonds with the help of rRNA. During this process, the ribosome, keeps on moving from on end of mRNA to the other end by the distance of one triplet codon. This is called translocation.
Define triplet codon.
Ans :- mRNA brings coded message from DNA which contains the codes for amino acids. The code for each amino acid consists of three nucleotides it is called as ' triplet codon ' Each triplet codon codes for 20 amino acids.
What is mutation?
Ans :- Living organisms can produce new individuals like themselves due to genes only and some of those genes are transmitted to next generation without any changes. That's why due to genes some of the characters of parents are transmitted to their offsprings. However sometimes sudden changes occur in the genes. Sometimes, any nucleotide of the gene changes its position that causes minor change which is nothing but the mutation.
Some mutations may be minor but some may be considerable Example :- mutation may co the genetic disorders like sickle cell anaemia. This is an everlasting process and it is one of the proofs for Darwin's theory of natural selection.
What is the function of appendix in our digestive system ?
Ans :- The appendix sits in the lower right abdomen. The function of the appendix is unknown. One theory is that the appendix acts as a storehouse for good bacteria 'rebooting' the digestive system after diarrheal illnesses. Other experts believe the appendix is just a useless remnant from our evolutionary past where our herbivorous ancestors had used for it in digesting the food such as bark of a tree.
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Very nice answers !!
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