CELL BIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Q1 How are safer vaccines being produced nowadays ?
Ans 1) Traditionally, vaccines were produced with the help of pathogens.
2) Completely or partially killed pathogens were used as vaccines.
3) Such vaccines produced some disease symptoms. But now with the introduction of biotechnology, the antigen of the disease is researched upon and its genetic code is found.
4) A similar antigen is made in the lab, which is used as a vaccine.
Q2 What are the two types of stem cells based on the sources ?
Ans: Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Q3 Which of the organs from the body can be donated ?
Ans: Eyes, heart, pancreas, liver, kidneys, skin, bones and lungs.
Q4 What is cytology ?
Ans: The study of the structure, types and organelles of the cell, cell division and other aspects together is called cytology.
Q5 Define stem cells.
Ans: Special type of cells present in the body of multicellular organisms that give rise to all other types of cells is called stem cells.
Q6 How are the stem cells being preserved ?
Ans: Stem cell samples are carefully collected from sources like cord blood, red bone marrow or embryo and are kept in small, sterile vials.
These vials are kept in liquid nitrogen at -135°C to -190°C.
Q7 What are the uses of stem cells ?
Ans: a. Regenerative therapy
Cell therapy-Stem cells are used to replace the dead cells in case of conditions like diabetes, myocardial infarction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease etc.
To produce blood cells required in conditions like anaemia, thalassemia, leukemia etc.
b. Organ transplantation-In case of organ failure like kidney, liver, those can be produced with the help of stem cells and can be transplanted
Q 8 Why is awareness about organ donation increasing after death ?
Ans: a) Life of many people can be saved by organ and body donation. Blind can regain their vision. Life of many people can be rendered comfortable by donation of organs like liver, kidney, heart valves, skin etc.
b) Similarly body can be made available for research in medical studies. Many government and social organisations are working towards increasing awareness about body donations.
Q9 What are the two important aspects of human health management?
Ans: Diagnosis and Treatment of the diseases are the two important aspects of human health management.
Q10 Which are the two main methods used in animal husbandry ?
Ans: Artificial insemination and Embryo transfer.
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